Fisheries is an economic activity that involves harvesting fish or any aquatic organism from the wild (Capture Fisheries) or raising them in confinement (Culture Fisheries/ Aquaculture). Aquaculture refers to the farming of aquatic organisms, including finfish, crustaceans, mollusks, plants, and algae for human use. Essentially, fish farming also known as pisciculture the process of nurturing organisms that inhabit in water commercially either in controlled or semi-controlled environment so as to increase productivity.It may be Traditional/ Small Scale Fisheries (SSF) for sustenance, or Large-Scale/ Commercial Fisheries for profit. Fish (in general) is a cold-blooded aquatic organism that breathes with gills and swims with fins; they are categorized as Finfish and Shellfish. Finfish are cold-blooded aquatic vertebrates that have gills, fins with rays, and scales covering the body. Shellfish are cold-blooded aquatic invertebrates that have gills, various types of locomotory organs and a shell/ exoskeleton covering the body. They include crustaceans and molluscs
Types of Fish Farming
There are several types of fish farming to choose from. Each has its specific requirements and benefits. Some of the types are:
Pond Systems: It is the most traditional method, where fish are raised in freshwater ponds.
Earthen Ponds or Open Ponds
Earthen Ponds are the oldest system of fish culture. Earthen Fish farming ponds are developed on land as part of the system.
Cage Systems: Where fish are kept in cages or nets placed in natural water bodies, such as lakes or oceans.
Recirculating Systems: Advanced systems that filter and recycle water, allowing for indoor farming with minimal water use.
Integrated Multitrophic Aquaculture (IMTA): A complex system that combines different aquatic species at other trophic levels to improve ecosystem health and efficiency.
The Inland Fisheries of India may be classified as:
i. Lacustrine Fisheries (Lakes and Reservoirs)
ii. Riverine Fisheries (Rivers and Streams)
iii. Estuarine Fisheries (Estuaries and Backwaters)
iv. Floodplain and Wetland Fisheries
v. Coldwater Fisheries
vi. Ornamental Fisheries
vii. Sport Fisheries
viii. Culture Fisheries (Aquaculture)
The carps which are native to the Indus-Ganges River Systems/ Indo-Gangetic Plains of India are referred to as the Gangetic Carps / Indian Major Carps (IMC), comprising of Catla, Rohu and Mrigal that contribute 60% of total Carps production. The carps that were introduced from other countries are referred to as Exotic Carps such as Silver Carp, Grass Carp and Common Carp.
The carps which are native to the Indus-Ganges River Systems/ Indo-Gangetic Plains of India
are referred to as the Gangetic Carps / Indian Major Carps (IMC), comprising of Catla, Rohu
and Mrigal that contribute 60% of total Carps production. The carps that were introduced
from other countries are referred to as Exotic Carps such as Silver Carp, Grass Carp and
Common Carp.
Besides the Major Carps, there are also smaller carps often referred to as Minor Carps such
as Reba (Cirrhinus reba), Bata (Labeo bata), Fringe-lipped carp (Labeo fimbriatus), Calbasu
(Labeo calbasu), white carp (Cirrhinus cirrhosus) and Cauvery carp (Labeo kontius).
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